#separator:tab #html:true #notetype:Basic #deck:Utah AEMT::Medications (2025 protocols) #columns:Front Back Tags #tags column:3 Oxygen: Utah level and AEMT routes? Utah level: All
AEMT routes: Inhaled
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body UT_AEMT meds drug::Oxygen inherited_from_EMT Oxygen: drug class? naturally occurring atmospheric gas
Book p.575 UT_AEMT meds drug::Oxygen inherited_from_EMT Oxygen: action (mechanism)? reverses hypoxemia.
Book p.575 UT_AEMT meds drug::Oxygen inherited_from_EMT Oxygen: indications — Book? "hypoxemia, ischemic chest pain, respiratory insufficiency, CO poisoning, decreased LOC." UT_AEMT meds drug::Oxygen inherited_from_EMT Oxygen: indications — Utah? "give as needed to keep SpO₂ 90–94% (p.8, p.11, p.25).

Chest pain: only as needed, targeting ~94% (p.37).
Altitude illness: keep >90%, NRB preferred for HAPE (p.47).

" UT_AEMT meds drug::Oxygen inherited_from_EMT Oxygen: dose — Book? NRB 10–15 L/min; cardiac arrest and CO 100%; COPD 0–2 L/min NC or 28–35% Venturi. UT_AEMT meds drug::Oxygen inherited_from_EMT Oxygen: dose — Utah CPAP? 10 L/min with PAP 10 cmH₂O for CHF (p.39). Respiratory distress starts at 5 cmH₂O (p.63).
EMT+ UT_AEMT meds drug::Oxygen inherited_from_EMT Oxygen: dose — Utah BiPAP? IPAP 10 / EPAP 5 for CHF (p.39); IPAP 15 / EPAP 5 for respiratory distress (p.63). UT_AEMT meds drug::Oxygen inherited_from_EMT Oxygen: dose — Utah peds CPAP? only if the child is on CPAP at home. UT_AEMT meds drug::Oxygen inherited_from_EMT Oxygen: contraindications? certain COPD/emphysema patients who won't tolerate >35%; hyperventilation.
Book UT_AEMT meds drug::Oxygen inherited_from_EMT Oxygen: key notes? supports combustion. Side effects: decreased LOC and respiratory drive in COPD; dry mucous membranes. UT_AEMT meds drug::Oxygen inherited_from_EMT IV fluids (NS / LR): Utah level and AEMT routes? Utah level: AEMT
AEMT routes: IV / IO
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body UT_AEMT meds drug::IV_fluids_NS_LR IV fluids (NS / LR): action (mechanism)? isotonic crystalloid; replaces water and electrolytes.
Book p.576 UT_AEMT meds drug::IV_fluids_NS_LR IV fluids (NS / LR): indications — Book? "hypovolemia/shock, keep-open line; for NS also heat illness, freshwater drowning and DKA." UT_AEMT meds drug::IV_fluids_NS_LR IV fluids (NS / LR): indications — Utah? "shock, hyperglycemia, burns, crush, heat/cold, newborn hypoperfusion." UT_AEMT meds drug::IV_fluids_NS_LR "IV fluids (NS / LR): Utah dose, adult — Traumatic shock?" "no bolus if SBP >90 or MAP >65 (saline lock or TKO).

If below that: 500 mL boluses to SBP >90, or >110 with closed head injury. Call OLMC after 2 L.

p.26" UT_AEMT meds drug::IV_fluids_NS_LR "IV fluids (NS / LR): Utah dose, adult — Non-traumatic shock?" "500 mL boluses, max 2 L." UT_AEMT meds drug::IV_fluids_NS_LR "IV fluids (NS / LR): Utah dose, adult — Cardiogenic shock / CHF?" "withhold fluids. If a CHF patient needs a bolus, limit it to 250–500 mL (p.39)." UT_AEMT meds drug::IV_fluids_NS_LR "IV fluids (NS / LR): Utah dose, adult — Dialysis patients?" "500 mL boluses, max 1 L." UT_AEMT meds drug::IV_fluids_NS_LR "IV fluids (NS / LR): Utah dose, adult — Cardiac arrest, suspected hypovolemia?" 1 L (p.34). UT_AEMT meds drug::IV_fluids_NS_LR "IV fluids (NS / LR): Utah dose, adult — Hyperglycemia?" 1 L over 30–60 min (p.57).
BS >300 UT_AEMT meds drug::IV_fluids_NS_LR "IV fluids (NS / LR): Utah dose, adult — Burns?" "if 2nd/3rd degree >10% BSA or an electrical burn, LR or NS at 500 mL/hr, no bolus (p.91)." UT_AEMT meds drug::IV_fluids_NS_LR "IV fluids (NS / LR): Utah dose, adult — Crush?" consider 1 L before release from entrapment (p.93). UT_AEMT meds drug::IV_fluids_NS_LR "IV fluids (NS / LR): Utah dose, adult — Heat?" cool NS 500–1000 mL. Cold: warm NS 500–1000 mL (p.70). UT_AEMT meds drug::IV_fluids_NS_LR "IV fluids (NS / LR): Utah dose, peds — Traumatic shock?" "20 mL/kg (max 1 L), up to 40 mL/kg (max 2 L)." UT_AEMT meds drug::IV_fluids_NS_LR "IV fluids (NS / LR): Utah dose, peds — Non-traumatic shock?" "20 mL/kg, up to 60 mL/kg (max 3 L) (p.26)." UT_AEMT meds drug::IV_fluids_NS_LR "IV fluids (NS / LR): Utah dose, peds — Dialysis?" "10 mL/kg, up to 20 mL/kg." UT_AEMT meds drug::IV_fluids_NS_LR "IV fluids (NS / LR): Utah dose, peds — Newborn?" "10 mL/kg over 5–10 min, then D10 at 10 mL/hr (p.42)." UT_AEMT meds drug::IV_fluids_NS_LR "IV fluids (NS / LR): Utah dose, peds — Burns?" <5 yr 125 mL/hr; 5–13 yr 250 mL/hr; >13 yr 500 mL/hr (p.91). UT_AEMT meds drug::IV_fluids_NS_LR IV fluids (NS / LR): contraindications? heart failure or renal failure (circulatory overload).
Book UT_AEMT meds drug::IV_fluids_NS_LR IV fluids (NS / LR): key notes? "the book also lists D5W (TKO, med dilution; never for volume replacement). Utah doesn't use D5W." UT_AEMT meds drug::IV_fluids_NS_LR Oral glucose: Utah level and AEMT routes? Utah level: EMT
AEMT routes: PO
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body UT_AEMT meds drug::Oral_glucose inherited_from_EMT Oral glucose: drug class? "hyperglycemic, carbohydrate
Book p.575" UT_AEMT meds drug::Oral_glucose inherited_from_EMT Oral glucose: action (mechanism)? absorbed in the GI tract and raises blood glucose.
Book p.575 UT_AEMT meds drug::Oral_glucose inherited_from_EMT Oral glucose: indications? alert patient with suspected hypoglycemia.
Book UT_AEMT meds drug::Oral_glucose inherited_from_EMT Oral glucose: dose — Utah? "adult 15 g, peds 7.5 g, if they can protect their airway. Repeat in 15 min as needed.
EMT, p.56" UT_AEMT meds drug::Oral_glucose inherited_from_EMT Oral glucose: dose — Book? adult 25 g; peds 0.5–1 g/kg. UT_AEMT meds drug::Oral_glucose inherited_from_EMT Oral glucose: contraindications? "decreased LOC, nausea, vomiting.
Book" UT_AEMT meds drug::Oral_glucose inherited_from_EMT Oral glucose: key notes?

The book says it must be swallowed; it isn't absorbed under the tongue or in the cheek. Recheck glucose ≥10 min after.
Utah's dose is smaller than the book's.

UT_AEMT meds drug::Oral_glucose inherited_from_EMT Dextrose: Utah level and AEMT routes? Utah level: AEMT
AEMT routes: IV / IO
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body UT_AEMT meds drug::Dextrose Dextrose: drug class? "carbohydrate, hypertonic solution
Book p.571" UT_AEMT meds drug::Dextrose Dextrose: action (mechanism)? rapidly raises serum glucose; short-term osmotic diuresis.
Book p.571 UT_AEMT meds drug::Dextrose Dextrose: indications? "hypoglycemia, altered LOC, coma or seizure of unknown cause.
Book" UT_AEMT meds drug::Dextrose Dextrose: Utah dose — Adult? "

D10 125 mL (12.5 g); recheck, and repeat if BG <70. Or D50 12.5 g (25 mL) IV/IO, repeat as needed.
Glucagon IM if there's no IV/IO.

AEMT, p.57" UT_AEMT meds drug::Dextrose Dextrose: Utah dose — Peds? "D10 5 mL/kg (0.5 g/kg) IV/IO, repeat to a max of 125 mL (12.5 g).
AEMT, p.57, infant and child" UT_AEMT meds drug::Dextrose Dextrose: Utah dose — Newborn? "D10 at 10 mL/hr for maintenance after the bolus.
AEMT, p.57, p.42" UT_AEMT meds drug::Dextrose Dextrose: Book dose? D50 25 g. Peds D25 0.5–1 g/kg; neonates D10 200–500 mg/kg. UT_AEMT meds drug::Dextrose Dextrose: contraindications? intracranial hemorrhage with normal glucose.
Book UT_AEMT meds drug::Dextrose Dextrose: key notes?

Extravasation causes tissue necrosis.
Check glucose before giving.
Don't give to a known stroke patient unless hypoglycemia is documented.

UT_AEMT meds drug::Dextrose Glucagon: Utah level and AEMT routes? Utah level: AEMT
AEMT routes: IM
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body UT_AEMT meds drug::Glucagon Glucagon: drug class? "pancreatic hormone, insulin antagonist
Book p.572" UT_AEMT meds drug::Glucagon Glucagon: action (mechanism)? raises blood glucose by breaking down stored glycogen.
Book p.572 UT_AEMT meds drug::Glucagon Glucagon: indications? suspected hypoglycemia with altered LOC; beta-blocker overdose.
Book UT_AEMT meds drug::Glucagon Glucagon: dose — Utah? "adult 1 mg IM if no IV/IO, may repeat once in 15 min. Peds 0.01 mg/kg (max 1 mg) IM if no IV/IO.
AEMT, p.57" UT_AEMT meds drug::Glucagon Glucagon: dose — Book? "adult 1 mg IM/IN, repeat in 7–10 min. Peds 1 mg if ≥20 kg (or ≥5 yr), 0.5 mg if <20 kg." UT_AEMT meds drug::Glucagon Glucagon: contraindications? "hyperglycemia, hypersensitivity.
Book" UT_AEMT meds drug::Glucagon Glucagon: key notes? "

It doesn't work if glycogen stores are depleted, and it needs reconstitution.
Utah's peds dose (0.01 mg/kg) is a third of the usual 0.03 mg/kg. A 20 kg child gets 0.2 mg vs. 0.5 mg in the book. Worth asking your instructor whether that's a typo.

" UT_AEMT meds drug::Glucagon Aspirin: Utah level and AEMT routes? Utah level: EMT
AEMT routes: PO (chewed)
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body UT_AEMT meds drug::Aspirin inherited_from_EMT Aspirin: drug class? "platelet inhibitor, anti-inflammatory
Book p.570" UT_AEMT meds drug::Aspirin inherited_from_EMT Aspirin: action (mechanism)? "blocks thromboxane A₂, so platelets don't clump; also relieves fever and pain.
Book p.570" UT_AEMT meds drug::Aspirin inherited_from_EMT Aspirin: indications? new chest discomfort suggesting ACS. UT_AEMT meds drug::Aspirin inherited_from_EMT Aspirin: dose — Utah? "325 mg PO chewed if >18 years old and no aspirin allergy. Give even if they take a daily dose.
EMT, p.37" UT_AEMT meds drug::Aspirin inherited_from_EMT Aspirin: dose — Book? "160–325 mg, chewed. Not for children." UT_AEMT meds drug::Aspirin inherited_from_EMT Aspirin: contraindications? "hypersensitivity; relative: active ulcer disease, asthma.
Book" UT_AEMT meds drug::Aspirin inherited_from_EMT Aspirin: key notes? use caution with an NSAID allergy (Book). Side effects include bleeding and bronchospasm. UT_AEMT meds drug::Aspirin inherited_from_EMT Nitroglycerin: Utah level and AEMT routes? Utah level: EMT assists; AEMT gives
AEMT routes: SL
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body UT_AEMT meds drug::Nitroglycerin inherited_from_EMT Nitroglycerin: drug class? vasodilator
Book p.573 UT_AEMT meds drug::Nitroglycerin inherited_from_EMT Nitroglycerin: action (mechanism)? "relaxes smooth muscle and dilates arterioles and veins, lowering preload and afterload, so the heart needs less oxygen.
Book p.573" UT_AEMT meds drug::Nitroglycerin inherited_from_EMT Nitroglycerin: indications? ischemic chest pain; CHF / pulmonary edema. UT_AEMT meds drug::Nitroglycerin inherited_from_EMT Nitroglycerin: Utah dose — EMT? "assist with the patient's own prescribed nitro.
p.37, p.39" UT_AEMT meds drug::Nitroglycerin inherited_from_EMT Nitroglycerin: Utah dose — AEMT? "0.4 mg SL every 5 min, max 3, while symptoms persist and SBP >90.

IV before nitro is preferred but not required.
If hypotension follows, give a 500 mL NS bolus and stop the nitro.
Caution in inferior STEMI.

p.38" UT_AEMT meds drug::Nitroglycerin inherited_from_EMT Nitroglycerin: Utah dose — CHF? "same dose if dyspnea or chest pain persists and SBP >90.
AEMT, p.39" UT_AEMT meds drug::Nitroglycerin inherited_from_EMT Nitroglycerin: Book dose? "0.4 mg SL every 3–5 min, max 3. Not for children." UT_AEMT meds drug::Nitroglycerin inherited_from_EMT Nitroglycerin: contraindications — Book? "hypotension, hypovolemia, intracranial bleed or head injury, tamponade, severe brady- or tachycardia." UT_AEMT meds drug::Nitroglycerin inherited_from_EMT Nitroglycerin: contraindications — Book and Utah? sildenafil (Viagra) in the last 24 h. Book only: vardenafil (Levitra) or tadalafil (Cialis) in the last 48 h. UT_AEMT meds drug::Nitroglycerin inherited_from_EMT Nitroglycerin: contraindications — Utah? "any erectile-dysfunction drug in the last 24 h (p.37), for men or women." UT_AEMT meds drug::Nitroglycerin inherited_from_EMT Nitroglycerin: key notes? "headache, hypotension, reflex tachycardia. Light and heat break it down." UT_AEMT meds drug::Nitroglycerin inherited_from_EMT Albuterol: Utah level and AEMT routes? Utah level: EMT
AEMT routes: Neb
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body UT_AEMT meds drug::Albuterol inherited_from_EMT Albuterol: drug class? sympathomimetic bronchodilator
Book p.570 UT_AEMT meds drug::Albuterol inherited_from_EMT Albuterol: action (mechanism)? selective beta-2 agonist that relaxes bronchial smooth muscle.
Book p.570 UT_AEMT meds drug::Albuterol inherited_from_EMT Albuterol: indications? "wheezing or bronchospasm (asthma, COPD, anaphylaxis, drowning)." UT_AEMT meds drug::Albuterol inherited_from_EMT Albuterol: Utah dose — Adult and peds? "2.5 mg in 3 mL NS nebulized every 10 min until symptoms improve.
EMT, p.49, p.53, p.63; AEMT, p.54, p.64" UT_AEMT meds drug::Albuterol inherited_from_EMT Albuterol: Utah dose — Infants? "start with 1.25 mg if <1 yr (drowning, p.54). For respiratory distress, give 2.5 mg if wheezing persists after nasal suctioning (p.64).
EMT, p.49, p.53, p.63; AEMT, p.54, p.64" UT_AEMT meds drug::Albuterol inherited_from_EMT Albuterol: Book dose? "2.5 mg neb over 10–15 min; MDI 1–2 puffs (90–180 mcg). Peds <20 kg 1.25 mg, >20 kg 2.5 mg." UT_AEMT meds drug::Albuterol inherited_from_EMT Albuterol: contraindications? "prior hypersensitivity to albuterol; tachycardia/dysrhythmias, especially from digitalis.
Book" UT_AEMT meds drug::Albuterol inherited_from_EMT Albuterol: key notes? "side effects include tachycardia, tremor, palpitations and hypokalemia. Beta-blockers blunt it." UT_AEMT meds drug::Albuterol inherited_from_EMT Ipratropium: Utah level and AEMT routes? Utah level: AEMT
AEMT routes: Neb
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body UT_AEMT meds drug::Ipratropium Ipratropium: drug class? anticholinergic bronchodilator
Caroline p.1772 UT_AEMT meds drug::Ipratropium Ipratropium: action (mechanism)? "blocks acetylcholine on bronchial smooth muscle, causing bronchodilation.
Caroline p.1772" UT_AEMT meds drug::Ipratropium Ipratropium: indications? "persistent bronchospasm or COPD flare, alongside albuterol." UT_AEMT meds drug::Ipratropium Ipratropium: Utah dose? "

Adult: 0.5 mg nebulized, every 20 min, max 2 doses.
Peds: 0.5 mg if ≥5 yr, 0.25 mg if <5 yr; every 20 min, max 2.
Check whether your product already combines it with albuterol (DuoNeb).

AEMT, p.64" UT_AEMT meds drug::Ipratropium Ipratropium: contraindications? "hypersensitivity to ipratropium, atropine or peanuts. Use caution with glaucoma, urinary retention or cardiac disease.
Caroline" UT_AEMT meds drug::Ipratropium Ipratropium: key notes? Caroline says don't give it to children with bronchiolitis. UT_AEMT meds drug::Ipratropium Epinephrine: Utah level and AEMT routes? "Utah level: EMT (IM); AEMT (IV/IO/neb/push-dose)
AEMT routes: IM, IV, IO, neb
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body" UT_AEMT meds drug::Epinephrine inherited_from_EMT Epinephrine: drug class? sympathomimetic
Book p.571 UT_AEMT meds drug::Epinephrine inherited_from_EMT Epinephrine: action (mechanism)? alpha- and beta-agonist. Alpha causes vasoconstriction; beta-1 raises heart rate and contractility; beta-2 dilates the bronchi. It also blocks histamine.
Book p.571 UT_AEMT meds drug::Epinephrine inherited_from_EMT Epinephrine: indications? "anaphylaxis, severe asthma, stridor. At Utah AEMT level also: cardiac arrest, hypotension (push-dose) and newborn bradycardia." UT_AEMT meds drug::Epinephrine inherited_from_EMT "Epinephrine: Utah dose, adult — Anaphylaxis?" "0.5 mg IM (1 mg/mL), repeat every 5 min.
EMT, p.49" UT_AEMT meds drug::Epinephrine inherited_from_EMT "Epinephrine: Utah dose, adult — Severe asthma not responding to nebs?" "0.5 mg IM every 20 min.
AEMT, p.64" UT_AEMT meds drug::Epinephrine inherited_from_EMT "Epinephrine: Utah dose, adult — Stridor?" "2 mg (2 mL of 1 mg/mL) in 3 mL NS, nebulized, repeat every 10 min.
AEMT, p.50, p.64" UT_AEMT meds drug::Epinephrine inherited_from_EMT "Epinephrine: Utah dose, adult — Cardiac arrest?" "1 mg (10 mL of 0.1 mg/mL) IV/IO every 2–4 min.
AEMT, p.34" UT_AEMT meds drug::Epinephrine inherited_from_EMT "Epinephrine: Utah dose, adult — Push-dose?" "10–20 mcg as needed to keep SBP >100 after a fluid bolus.
AEMT; shock, bradycardia, CHF, ROSC, anaphylaxis, OD, CO/cyanide, envenomation, TBI" UT_AEMT meds drug::Epinephrine inherited_from_EMT "Epinephrine: Utah dose, peds — Anaphylaxis?" "0.01 mg/kg IM, max 0.3 mg; 0.3 mg if >25 kg. Severe asthma: same dose every 20 min." UT_AEMT meds drug::Epinephrine inherited_from_EMT "Epinephrine: Utah dose, peds — Stridor?" same 2 mg neb as adults. UT_AEMT meds drug::Epinephrine inherited_from_EMT "Epinephrine: Utah dose, peds — Cardiac arrest?" "0.01 mg/kg (0.1 mg/mL), max 1 mg." UT_AEMT meds drug::Epinephrine inherited_from_EMT "Epinephrine: Utah dose, peds — Push-dose?" "1 mcg/kg, max 50 mcg total.

Target SBP: >70 + (age in years × 2). Birth to 1 month: 60; 1–12 months: 70; over 10 years: 90 (p.26).

" UT_AEMT meds drug::Epinephrine inherited_from_EMT "Epinephrine: Utah dose, peds — Newborn?" "0.01–0.03 mg/kg IV/IO if HR <60 after 30 s of good CPR with PPV, every 3–5 min.
p.42" UT_AEMT meds drug::Epinephrine inherited_from_EMT Epinephrine: Book dose? "only IM/SubQ 0.3–0.5 mg; peds 0.01 mg/kg, max 0.3 mg." UT_AEMT meds drug::Epinephrine inherited_from_EMT Epinephrine: contraindications? "none in an emergency. Relative: hypertension, hypothermia, pulmonary edema, myocardial ischemia, hypovolemic shock.
Book" UT_AEMT meds drug::Epinephrine inherited_from_EMT Epinephrine: key notes?

Utah AEMT is well beyond the book here. The book only covers IM.
Push-dose mix (Caroline p.1758): 1 mL of 0.1 mg/mL epi + 9 mL NS = 10 mcg/mL.
Beta-blockers blunt it; MAOIs potentiate it.

UT_AEMT meds drug::Epinephrine inherited_from_EMT Naloxone: Utah level and AEMT routes? "Utah level: EMR (IN) / EMT / AEMT
AEMT routes: IV, IM, IO, IN
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body" UT_AEMT meds drug::Naloxone inherited_from_EMT Naloxone: drug class? "opioid antagonist, antidote
Book p.572" UT_AEMT meds drug::Naloxone inherited_from_EMT Naloxone: action (mechanism)? competes at opioid receptors and reverses opioid respiratory depression.
Book p.572 UT_AEMT meds drug::Naloxone inherited_from_EMT Naloxone: indications? suspected opioid overdose; altered mental status; cardiac arrest with suspected OD. UT_AEMT meds drug::Naloxone inherited_from_EMT Naloxone: Utah dose — EMT? "0.4–2 mg IN, repeat to maintain breathing.

1 mg/mL injectable solution: 2 mg IN every 2–3 min.
Commercial nasal device: 3–8 mg in one nostril every 2–3 min.
IM autoinjector 5 mg every 2–3 min.

p.62" UT_AEMT meds drug::Naloxone inherited_from_EMT Naloxone: Utah dose — AEMT? "0.4–2 mg IV/IM/IO/IN, escalating doses every 2–3 min. Max IM volume 3–5 mL.
p.11, p.34, p.62" UT_AEMT meds drug::Naloxone inherited_from_EMT Naloxone: Utah dose — Peds? 0.1 mg/kg (max 2 mg per dose). UT_AEMT meds drug::Naloxone inherited_from_EMT Naloxone: Book dose? 0.4–2 mg; repeat every 5 min to 10 mg total. Peds 0.1 mg/kg. UT_AEMT meds drug::Naloxone inherited_from_EMT Naloxone: contraindications? use caution in opioid-dependent patients and in newborns of opioid-addicted mothers.
Book UT_AEMT meds drug::Naloxone inherited_from_EMT Naloxone: key notes? "

Ventilate first.
It wears off before many opioids, so repeat doses may be needed.
It can trigger withdrawal and combativeness.
The book says it's generally not helpful in cardiac arrest, but Utah says ""consider"" it in arrest (p.34).

" UT_AEMT meds drug::Naloxone inherited_from_EMT Diphenhydramine: Utah level and AEMT routes? "Utah level: AEMT
AEMT routes: IV, IO, IM
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body" UT_AEMT meds drug::Diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: drug class? antihistamine
Caroline p.1755 UT_AEMT meds drug::Diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: action (mechanism)? H1 blocker; also reverses dystonic (extrapyramidal) reactions.
Caroline p.1755 UT_AEMT meds drug::Diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: indications? allergic reaction with hives or itching.
Utah UT_AEMT meds drug::Diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: Utah dose? "1 mg/kg (max 50 mg) IV/IO/IM, same for adults and peds.
AEMT, p.50" UT_AEMT meds drug::Diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: contraindications? "hypersensitivity, newborns and premature infants, breastfeeding. Use caution in asthma, glaucoma, enlarged prostate or intoxication.
Caroline" UT_AEMT meds drug::Diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: key notes? "drowsiness, thickened secretions, hypotension; kids can get paradoxical excitation. It's a second-line partner to epi, never a replacement." UT_AEMT meds drug::Diphenhydramine Acetaminophen: Utah level and AEMT routes? "Utah level: AEMT (⚠ EMT PO in body)
AEMT routes: IV (AEMT), PO
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body" UT_AEMT meds drug::Acetaminophen UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Acetaminophen: drug class? "non-opioid analgesic, antipyretic
Caroline p.1725" UT_AEMT meds drug::Acetaminophen UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Acetaminophen: action (mechanism)? mechanism not fully known; blocks pain impulses and prostaglandins in the CNS. Pain and fever relief only; no anti-inflammatory or antiplatelet effect.
Caroline p.1725 UT_AEMT meds drug::Acetaminophen UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Acetaminophen: indications? "pain, fever, altitude headache (p.47).
Utah" UT_AEMT meds drug::Acetaminophen UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Acetaminophen: Utah dose — AEMT? "adult 500–1000 mg IV, infused over 15 min, single dose. Peds 15 mg/kg IV (max 650 mg), single dose.
p.21, p.55" UT_AEMT meds drug::Acetaminophen UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Acetaminophen: Utah dose — EMT in the protocol body? "adult 500–1000 mg PO once. Peds 15 mg/kg (max 650) PO or rectal, once.
p.20, p.55" UT_AEMT meds drug::Acetaminophen UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Acetaminophen: contraindications? "hypersensitivity, severe active liver disease.
Caroline" UT_AEMT meds drug::Acetaminophen UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Acetaminophen: key notes? "

Hidden in many combination products, so ask what they've already taken.
⚠ The p.103 appendix lists acetaminophen as AEMT and up only, but the EMT body text gives PO. At AEMT level it's yours either way.

" UT_AEMT meds drug::Acetaminophen UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Ibuprofen: Utah level and AEMT routes? Utah level: AEMT (⚠ EMT PO in body)
AEMT routes: PO
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body UT_AEMT meds drug::Ibuprofen UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Ibuprofen: drug class? NSAID
Caroline p.1770 UT_AEMT meds drug::Ibuprofen UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Ibuprofen: action (mechanism)? "blocks prostaglandin synthesis, reducing pain, swelling and fever.
Caroline p.1770" UT_AEMT meds drug::Ibuprofen UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Ibuprofen: indications? "pain, fever, altitude headache.
Utah" UT_AEMT meds drug::Ibuprofen UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Ibuprofen: Utah dose — Adult? "600 mg PO once.
EMT body, p.20, p.55" UT_AEMT meds drug::Ibuprofen UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Ibuprofen: Utah dose — Peds? "10 mg/kg PO (max 600 mg) once, only if >6 months old.
EMT body p.20, AEMT p.21" UT_AEMT meds drug::Ibuprofen UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Ibuprofen: contraindications? "NSAID or aspirin allergy, aspirin-sensitive asthma, kidney impairment, pregnancy, peptic ulcer, active GI or intracranial bleeding, clotting problems.

Utah: under 6 months (p.20).

Caroline" UT_AEMT meds drug::Ibuprofen UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Ibuprofen: key notes? ⚠ same appendix-vs-body mismatch as acetaminophen. UT_AEMT meds drug::Ibuprofen UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Ketorolac: Utah level and AEMT routes? "Utah level: AEMT
AEMT routes: IV, IM
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body" UT_AEMT meds drug::Ketorolac Ketorolac: drug class? NSAID
Caroline p.1774 UT_AEMT meds drug::Ketorolac Ketorolac: action (mechanism)? potent NSAID that blocks prostaglandins; no sedation.
Caroline p.1774 UT_AEMT meds drug::Ketorolac Ketorolac: indications? moderate to severe pain. UT_AEMT meds drug::Ketorolac Ketorolac: Utah dose — Adult? "15 mg IV or 30 mg IM, single dose only.
AEMT, p.21" UT_AEMT meds drug::Ketorolac Ketorolac: Utah dose — Peds? "0.5 mg/kg IV/IM (max 15 mg), single dose, only if over 2 years old.
AEMT, p.21" UT_AEMT meds drug::Ketorolac Ketorolac: contraindications? "

NSAID or aspirin allergy, aspirin-sensitive asthma.
Kidney problems, hypotension, pregnancy, labor or breastfeeding.
Ulcer or GI bleed, intracranial bleed, clotting problems.
Use caution in the elderly.

Caroline" UT_AEMT meds drug::Ketorolac Ketorolac: key notes? Caroline says use caution if the pain may be from trauma (bleeding risk). UT_AEMT meds drug::Ketorolac Fentanyl: Utah level and AEMT routes? "Utah level: AEMT
AEMT routes: IV, IO, IM, IN
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body" UT_AEMT meds drug::Fentanyl Fentanyl: drug class? "synthetic opioid, Schedule II
Caroline p.1761" UT_AEMT meds drug::Fentanyl Fentanyl: action (mechanism)? "binds opioid receptors, giving analgesia and sedation, but also respiratory depression. 50–100× morphine's potency.
Caroline p.1761" UT_AEMT meds drug::Fentanyl Fentanyl: indications? "pain. Utah says it may be preferred over morphine in ACS (less platelet activation, p.38)." UT_AEMT meds drug::Fentanyl Fentanyl: Utah dose — Adult? "25–100 mcg every 10 min IV/IO/IM/IN, max 200 mcg.
AEMT, p.21" UT_AEMT meds drug::Fentanyl Fentanyl: Utah dose — Peds? "IV/IM/IO 1 mcg/kg (max 50 mcg per dose); IN 2 mcg/kg (max 100 mcg), may repeat once after 10–15 min. More needs OLMC.
AEMT, p.21" UT_AEMT meds drug::Fentanyl Fentanyl: contraindications? "hypersensitivity; MAOI use within 14 days. Use caution with GCS <15, hypotension, hypoxia or hypoventilation.
Caroline" UT_AEMT meds drug::Fentanyl Fentanyl: Utah cautions? "

Use caution if SBP <100 (peds <70 + 2×age), SpO₂ <90% on room air, or GCS <14.
Halve the dose if the patient is drunk or high.
Have naloxone ready.
Don't combine with behavioral-emergency sedation.
Treat pain fully before adding a benzo.

p.19–20" UT_AEMT meds drug::Fentanyl Fentanyl: key notes? rapid push can cause chest-wall rigidity (Caroline). UT_AEMT meds drug::Fentanyl Morphine: Utah level and AEMT routes? "Utah level: AEMT
AEMT routes: IV, IO, IM
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body" UT_AEMT meds drug::Morphine Morphine: drug class? "opioid, Schedule II
Caroline p.1784" UT_AEMT meds drug::Morphine Morphine: action (mechanism)? "CNS-acting opioid; also dilates veins, lowering preload and afterload.
Caroline p.1784" UT_AEMT meds drug::Morphine Morphine: indications? acute pain. UT_AEMT meds drug::Morphine Morphine: Utah dose — Adult? "2–10 mg every 5 min IV/IO/IM, titrated, max 15 mg.
AEMT, p.21" UT_AEMT meds drug::Morphine Morphine: Utah dose — Peds? "0.05–0.1 mg/kg (max 4 mg per dose) IV/IM/IO. More doses need OLMC.
AEMT, p.21" UT_AEMT meds drug::Morphine Morphine: contraindications? "hypersensitivity, MAOI within 14 days, head injury, severe asthma, upper-airway obstruction. Use caution with GCS <15, hypotension or hypoxia.
Caroline" UT_AEMT meds drug::Morphine Morphine: key notes? same Utah pain cautions as fentanyl. Hypotension and histamine release are more common than with fentanyl. Naloxone reverses it. UT_AEMT meds drug::Morphine Ondansetron: Utah level and AEMT routes? "Utah level: AEMT (⚠ EMT ODT in body)
AEMT routes: IV, IM, PO/ODT
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body" UT_AEMT meds drug::Ondansetron UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Ondansetron: drug class? antiemetic
Caroline p.1791 UT_AEMT meds drug::Ondansetron UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Ondansetron: action (mechanism)? "blocks serotonin (5-HT3) receptors. No dopamine effect, so no dystonic reactions.
Caroline p.1791" UT_AEMT meds drug::Ondansetron UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Ondansetron: indications? nausea and vomiting; altitude illness. UT_AEMT meds drug::Ondansetron UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Ondansetron: Utah dose — AEMT? "adult 4–8 mg IV/IM/PO. Peds >2 yr: 0.1 mg/kg once (max 4 mg); <2 yr needs OLMC.
p.18, p.48" UT_AEMT meds drug::Ondansetron UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Ondansetron: Utah dose — EMT in the protocol body? 4 mg ODT.
p.18 UT_AEMT meds drug::Ondansetron UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Ondansetron: contraindications? "hypersensitivity, known long QT, taking apomorphine.
Caroline" UT_AEMT meds drug::Ondansetron UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Ondansetron: key notes? "

It prolongs QT, so stacking it with other QT drugs (amiodarone, promethazine, haloperidol) adds up.
Utah suggests giving an antiemetic before pain meds (p.20).
⚠ The appendix lists ondansetron as AEMT and up only; the EMT ODT line is body text only.

" UT_AEMT meds drug::Ondansetron UT_appendix_conflict inherited_from_EMT Promethazine: Utah level and AEMT routes? "Utah level: ⚠ AEMT in body; Paramedic in appendix
AEMT routes: IV, IM
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body" UT_AEMT meds drug::Promethazine UT_appendix_conflict Promethazine: drug class? phenothiazine antiemetic
Caroline p.1803 UT_AEMT meds drug::Promethazine UT_appendix_conflict Promethazine: action (mechanism)? "H1 blocker with sedative, anti-nausea and anticholinergic effects; strengthens opioids.
Caroline p.1803" UT_AEMT meds drug::Promethazine UT_appendix_conflict Promethazine: indications? nausea and vomiting. UT_AEMT meds drug::Promethazine UT_appendix_conflict Promethazine: Utah dose — Adult? "12.5–25 mg IV, titrated, only if SBP >100 or a peripheral pulse is present.

Dilute in 5–10 mL NS and push over 1 min, through the AC or a larger vein.
IM 25 mg if there's no IV.
Avoid in the elderly (sedation).

AEMT body, p.18" UT_AEMT meds drug::Promethazine UT_appendix_conflict Promethazine: Utah dose — Peds? "not recommended; requires OLMC.
AEMT body, p.18" UT_AEMT meds drug::Promethazine UT_appendix_conflict Promethazine: contraindications? "phenothiazine allergy, heavy CNS-depressant use, Reye syndrome, asthma/lower-airway disease, children <2 yr (fatal respiratory depression).
Caroline" UT_AEMT meds drug::Promethazine UT_appendix_conflict Promethazine: key notes? "

IV extravasation can cause gangrene. Caroline prefers deep IM for that reason.
QT prolongation.
⚠ The appendix lists it as Paramedic only, but the AEMT body text gives it. Ask your instructor which applies; your agency's protocol may settle it.

" UT_AEMT meds drug::Promethazine UT_appendix_conflict Diazepam: Utah level and AEMT routes? "Utah level: AEMT
AEMT routes: IV, IO, IM
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body" UT_AEMT meds drug::Diazepam Diazepam: drug class? "benzodiazepine, Schedule IV
Caroline p.1752" UT_AEMT meds drug::Diazepam Diazepam: action (mechanism)? "boosts GABA, calming the brain, raising the seizure threshold, sedating and causing amnesia.
Caroline p.1752" UT_AEMT meds drug::Diazepam Diazepam: indications? "seizures, behavioral emergency, shivering from heat illness/cooling. The appendix also lists pain management.
Utah" UT_AEMT meds drug::Diazepam "Diazepam: Utah dose, adult — Seizures?" "5 mg IV/IO every 5 min (max 20 mg), or 10 mg IM, repeat once in 10 min (max 20; IM not preferred).
AEMT, p.66" UT_AEMT meds drug::Diazepam "Diazepam: Utah dose, adult — Behavioral?" "5 mg IV/IO every 10 min (max 20), or 10 mg IM once.
AEMT, p.52" UT_AEMT meds drug::Diazepam "Diazepam: Utah dose, adult — Heat shivering?" "same as seizure doses.
AEMT, p.70" UT_AEMT meds drug::Diazepam "Diazepam: Utah dose, peds?" "0.1 mg/kg IV/IO (max 5 mg), max total 10 mg; or 0.2 mg/kg IM (max 10 mg)." UT_AEMT meds drug::Diazepam Diazepam: contraindications? "hypersensitivity, CNS or respiratory depression, narrow-angle glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, head injury.
Caroline" UT_AEMT meds drug::Diazepam Diazepam: key notes? "

Halve all benzo doses if the patient is intoxicated (Utah p.52, p.66).
Respiratory depression and hypotension.
Caroline: halve the dose over age 60.

" UT_AEMT meds drug::Diazepam Lorazepam: Utah level and AEMT routes? "Utah level: AEMT
AEMT routes: IV, IO, IM
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body" UT_AEMT meds drug::Lorazepam Lorazepam: drug class? "benzodiazepine, Schedule IV
Caroline p.1777" UT_AEMT meds drug::Lorazepam Lorazepam: action (mechanism)? GABA-enhancing anxiolytic and anticonvulsant.
Caroline p.1777 UT_AEMT meds drug::Lorazepam Lorazepam: indications? "seizures, behavioral emergency, heat shivering.
Utah" UT_AEMT meds drug::Lorazepam "Lorazepam: Utah dose, adult — Seizures?" "4 mg IV/IO/IM, repeat every 5 min, max 8 mg.
AEMT, p.66" UT_AEMT meds drug::Lorazepam "Lorazepam: Utah dose, adult — Behavioral?" "2 mg IV/IO every 5 min (max 4), or 4 mg IM once.
AEMT, p.52" UT_AEMT meds drug::Lorazepam "Lorazepam: Utah dose, adult — Heat shivering?" "1–2 mg, max 4.
AEMT, p.70" UT_AEMT meds drug::Lorazepam "Lorazepam: Utah dose, peds — Seizures?" "0.1 mg/kg (max 4 mg per dose), max 8 mg." UT_AEMT meds drug::Lorazepam "Lorazepam: Utah dose, peds — Behavioral?" 0.05 mg/kg. UT_AEMT meds drug::Lorazepam Lorazepam: contraindications? "hypersensitivity, CNS or respiratory depression, glaucoma, sleep apnea, shock, suspected drug abuse.
Caroline" UT_AEMT meds drug::Lorazepam Lorazepam: key notes? dilute IV doses 1:1. Lorazepam is slower to act than diazepam or midazolam for nerve-agent seizures (Caroline). UT_AEMT meds drug::Lorazepam Midazolam: Utah level and AEMT routes? "Utah level: AEMT
AEMT routes: IV, IO, IM, IN
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body" UT_AEMT meds drug::Midazolam Midazolam: drug class? "benzodiazepine, Schedule IV
Caroline p.1782" UT_AEMT meds drug::Midazolam Midazolam: action (mechanism)? "GABA-enhancing sedative, anxiolytic, amnesic and anticonvulsant.
Caroline p.1782" UT_AEMT meds drug::Midazolam Midazolam: indications? "seizures, behavioral emergency, heat shivering.
Utah" UT_AEMT meds drug::Midazolam "Midazolam: Utah dose, adult — Seizures?" "5 mg IN/IV/IO, repeat once in 10 min (max 10 mg), or 10 mg IM, repeat once after 10 min if no IV.
AEMT, p.66" UT_AEMT meds drug::Midazolam "Midazolam: Utah dose, adult — Behavioral?" "2.5–5 mg IV/IO, or 5 mg IN/IM; repeat once, max 10 mg.
AEMT, p.52" UT_AEMT meds drug::Midazolam "Midazolam: Utah dose, peds?" "0.1 mg/kg IV/IO (max 5 mg, total 10 mg), or 0.2 mg/kg IN/IM." UT_AEMT meds drug::Midazolam Midazolam: contraindications? "hypersensitivity, CNS or respiratory depression, glaucoma, sleep apnea, shock, alcohol intoxication or overdose, other CNS depressants on board.
Caroline" UT_AEMT meds drug::Midazolam Midazolam: key notes? Caroline says IM midazolam is at least as good as IV lorazepam for stopping seizures. Halve the dose over age 60. UT_AEMT meds drug::Midazolam Amiodarone: Utah level and AEMT routes? "Utah level: AEMT
AEMT routes: IV, IO
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body" UT_AEMT meds drug::Amiodarone Amiodarone: drug class? class III antidysrhythmic
Caroline p.1730 UT_AEMT meds drug::Amiodarone Amiodarone: action (mechanism)? "blocks Na, K and Ca channels; prolongs repolarization and slows AV conduction.
Caroline p.1730" UT_AEMT meds drug::Amiodarone Amiodarone: indications? VF/pVT unresponsive to defibrillation (cardiac arrest only at AEMT).
Utah UT_AEMT meds drug::Amiodarone Amiodarone: Utah dose? "

Adult: 300 mg IV/IO; then 150 mg after 5 min.
Peds: 5 mg/kg (max 300 mg), may repeat to 3 total doses (150 mg max for later doses; 500 mg total).
Give amiodarone or lidocaine, not both.

AEMT, p.35" UT_AEMT meds drug::Amiodarone Amiodarone: contraindications? "hypersensitivity, iodine allergy, cardiogenic shock, 2nd/3rd-degree AV block, sick sinus syndrome (without a pacemaker). In pulseless arrest these are mostly moot.
Caroline" UT_AEMT meds drug::Amiodarone Amiodarone: key notes? "hypotension, bradycardia, QT prolongation." UT_AEMT meds drug::Amiodarone Lidocaine: Utah level and AEMT routes? "Utah level: AEMT
AEMT routes: IV, IO
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body" UT_AEMT meds drug::Lidocaine Lidocaine: drug class? class Ib antidysrhythmic
Caroline p.1775 UT_AEMT meds drug::Lidocaine Lidocaine: action (mechanism)? sodium-channel blocker that calms irritable heart muscle; also a local anesthetic.
Caroline p.1775 UT_AEMT meds drug::Lidocaine Lidocaine: indications? "VF/pVT unresponsive to defibrillation, as the alternative to amiodarone.
Utah" UT_AEMT meds drug::Lidocaine Lidocaine: Utah dose? "1 mg/kg IV/IO, repeat every 3–5 min to a max of 3 mg/kg, adult and peds.
AEMT, p.35" UT_AEMT meds drug::Lidocaine Lidocaine: contraindications?

Allergy to amide anesthetics.
2nd/3rd-degree AV block without a pacemaker.
Wide-complex escape beats with bradycardia; WPW.
Prophylactic use in AMI.

Caroline UT_AEMT meds drug::Lidocaine Lidocaine: key notes? "

Toxicity: drowsiness, confusion, seizures.
The AEMT lidocaine drip was removed 11/21/2025. Boluses only.
The drip and polymorphic-VT use are Paramedic (p.36).

" UT_AEMT meds drug::Lidocaine Atropine: Utah level and AEMT routes? "Utah level: AEMT
AEMT routes: IV, IO
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body" UT_AEMT meds drug::Atropine Atropine: drug class? anticholinergic
Caroline p.1744 UT_AEMT meds drug::Atropine Atropine: action (mechanism)? "blocks acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites, raising heart rate and drying secretions.
Caroline p.1744" UT_AEMT meds drug::Atropine Atropine: indications? symptomatic bradycardia. Nerve-agent atropine IV is Paramedic; AEMTs use the kits (#29).
Utah AEMT UT_AEMT meds drug::Atropine Atropine: Utah dose — Adult? "1 mg IV/IO every 3 min, max 3 mg.
AEMT, p.32" UT_AEMT meds drug::Atropine Atropine: Utah dose — Peds? "0.02 mg/kg IV/IO, max 0.5 mg per dose, repeat every 3–5 min, max 2 doses.
AEMT, p.32" UT_AEMT meds drug::Atropine Atropine: contraindications? "hypersensitivity. Relative: narrow-angle glaucoma, GI or bladder obstruction, myasthenia gravis, unstable bleeding, thyrotoxicosis.
Caroline" UT_AEMT meds drug::Atropine Atropine: key notes? "

Doses <0.1 mg can paradoxically slow the heart.
It doesn't work in hypothermic bradycardia or heart transplants.
It raises the heart's oxygen demand.
Side effects: ""dry as a bone, red as a beet, blind as a bat"".

" UT_AEMT meds drug::Atropine Hydroxocobalamin: Utah level and AEMT routes? "Utah level: AEMT
AEMT routes: IV, IO
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body" UT_AEMT meds drug::Hydroxocobalamin Hydroxocobalamin: drug class? antidote
Caroline p.1769 UT_AEMT meds drug::Hydroxocobalamin Hydroxocobalamin: action (mechanism)? synthetic vitamin B12 that binds cyanide into harmless cyanocobalamin.
Caroline p.1769 UT_AEMT meds drug::Hydroxocobalamin Hydroxocobalamin: indications? "suspected cyanide poisoning, typically from a closed-space fire, with GCS <10 or SBP <90 plus soot in the mouth, nose or airway (p.71, p.72).
Utah" UT_AEMT meds drug::Hydroxocobalamin Hydroxocobalamin: Utah dose — Adult? 5 g (one vial) IV/IO over 15 min (~15 mL/min).
AEMT UT_AEMT meds drug::Hydroxocobalamin Hydroxocobalamin: Utah dose — Peds? "70 mg/kg (max 5 g) over 15 min, under OLMC or Poison Control direction.
AEMT" UT_AEMT meds drug::Hydroxocobalamin Hydroxocobalamin: contraindications? documented hypersensitivity.
Caroline UT_AEMT meds drug::Hydroxocobalamin Hydroxocobalamin: key notes? "

Turns skin and urine red, making pulse-ox readings unreliable.
Reconstitute with 200 mL NS or LR.
Draw blood first if possible (it interferes with labs).
Don't run it in the same line as diazepam or nitro.

" UT_AEMT meds drug::Hydroxocobalamin Oxytocin: Utah level and AEMT routes? Utah level: AEMT
AEMT routes: IM
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body UT_AEMT meds drug::Oxytocin Oxytocin: drug class? pituitary hormone
Caroline p.1795 UT_AEMT meds drug::Oxytocin Oxytocin: action (mechanism)? "stronger, more frequent uterine contractions, which clamp down postpartum bleeding.
Caroline p.1795" UT_AEMT meds drug::Oxytocin Oxytocin: indications? "after delivery, to control postpartum hemorrhage.
Utah" UT_AEMT meds drug::Oxytocin Oxytocin: Utah dose? "10 units IM after the baby is delivered and you've confirmed there are no more babies. If unsure, call medical control or don't give it.
AEMT, p.59" UT_AEMT meds drug::Oxytocin Oxytocin: contraindications? hypersensitivity; another fetus still in the uterus; abnormal fetal position or non-vaginal delivery expected.
Caroline UT_AEMT meds drug::Oxytocin Oxytocin: key notes? the key safety point is to confirm there's no second baby first. UT_AEMT meds drug::Oxytocin Calcium gluconate: Utah level and AEMT routes? "Utah level: ⚠ AEMT in body; Paramedic in appendix
AEMT routes: Topical, PO
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body" UT_AEMT meds drug::Calcium_gluconate UT_appendix_conflict Calcium gluconate: drug class? electrolyte
Caroline p.1748 UT_AEMT meds drug::Calcium_gluconate UT_appendix_conflict Calcium gluconate: action (mechanism)? "calcium binds fluoride ions, limiting tissue damage in HF acid burns. Systemically it stabilizes heart-muscle membranes (Paramedic use).
Caroline p.1748" UT_AEMT meds drug::Calcium_gluconate UT_appendix_conflict Calcium gluconate: indications? hydrofluoric acid exposure only (p.74).
Utah AEMT UT_AEMT meds drug::Calcium_gluconate UT_appendix_conflict Calcium gluconate: Utah dose? "

Skin: gel made from 25 mL of 10% calcium gluconate in 75 mL sterile water-soluble lubricant, applied topically. For hand exposure, possibly inside a glove.
Swallowed: if alert and no IV, calcium gluconate 1 g PO (""AEMT and PM only"").
IV calcium is Paramedic.

AEMT, p.74" UT_AEMT meds drug::Calcium_gluconate UT_appendix_conflict Calcium gluconate: contraindications? "hypersensitivity, digoxin toxicity, high calcium.
Caroline" UT_AEMT meds drug::Calcium_gluconate UT_appendix_conflict Calcium gluconate: key notes?

Also soak the skin in magnesium antacids (Maalox/Mylanta) and irrigate.
Caroline's gel recipe differs (35 mL in 150 mL gel).
⚠ The appendix lists calcium as Paramedic only.

UT_AEMT meds drug::Calcium_gluconate UT_appendix_conflict Nerve-agent kits: Utah level and AEMT routes? Utah level: EMT
AEMT routes: IM autoinjector
Utah 2025 protocols p.103 appendix + protocol body UT_AEMT meds drug::Nerve_agent_kits inherited_from_EMT Nerve-agent kits: action (mechanism)? "atropine blocks the excess acetylcholine (SLUDGEM), and pralidoxime (Caroline p.1799) frees the poisoned acetylcholinesterase. 600 mg pralidoxime per autoinjector." UT_AEMT meds drug::Nerve_agent_kits inherited_from_EMT Nerve-agent kits: indications? "organophosphate or nerve-agent exposure.
Utah EMT, p.76" UT_AEMT meds drug::Nerve_agent_kits inherited_from_EMT Nerve-agent kits: Utah dose — Mild? "may need nothing.
EMT, inherited by AEMT, pinpoint pupils only, or no symptoms" UT_AEMT meds drug::Nerve_agent_kits inherited_from_EMT Nerve-agent kits: Utah dose — Moderate? "1–2 kits.
EMT, inherited by AEMT, SLUDGEM" UT_AEMT meds drug::Nerve_agent_kits inherited_from_EMT Nerve-agent kits: Utah dose — Severe? "3 kits.
EMT, inherited by AEMT, respiratory distress + SLUDGEM, seizures, unconscious" UT_AEMT meds drug::Nerve_agent_kits inherited_from_EMT Nerve-agent kits: Utah dose — Peds? "contact OLMC or Poison Control.
EMT, inherited by AEMT" UT_AEMT meds drug::Nerve_agent_kits inherited_from_EMT Nerve-agent kits: contraindications? "hypersensitivity. Reduce the dose with renal impairment or myasthenia gravis.
Caroline, pralidoxime" UT_AEMT meds drug::Nerve_agent_kits inherited_from_EMT Nerve-agent kits: key notes?

Protect yourself first. Decontaminate and remove clothing.
Statewide CHEMPACK antidote caches can be requested through dispatch (p.76).
Pralidoxime works best given early.

UT_AEMT meds drug::Nerve_agent_kits inherited_from_EMT Nitropaste: AEMT book use? (not in Utah protocols) 1/2–3/4 inch transdermal. Same contraindications as nitro.
Book p.573–574 UT_AEMT meds book_only Nitrous oxide 50:50: AEMT book use? (not in Utah protocols) "

For moderate to severe pain, self-administered.
Contraindicated with altered LOC, head injury, possible pneumothorax or chest trauma, bowel obstruction, COPD, decompression illness.

Book p.574" UT_AEMT meds book_only D5W: AEMT book use? (not in Utah protocols) TKO line or med dilution only.
Book p.576 UT_AEMT meds book_only Which drugs in the AEMT book are not in Utah's protocols at any level? "Nitropaste, nitrous oxide (Nitronox), D5W
Book Table 12-12 vs Utah 2025" UT_AEMT meds book_only Which Utah drugs are Paramedic-only (not AEMT)? "adenosine, haloperidol, ketamine, magnesium, norepinephrine, sodium bicarbonate, TXA, blood products, IV calcium
Utah 2025 protocols p.103" UT_AEMT meds